The replacement question: across ex-China supply, how much of each mineral is actually operating versus announced. Nameplate only — this is capacity, never output.
| Plant | Country | Stage | Status | Nameplate capacity |
|---|
Nameplate, announced design and actual output are different figures and are labelled as such. Capacity is not summed across products.
| Plant | Country | Mineral | Capacity | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), Gebeng, Kuantan, Malaysia | Malaysia | rare earths | 10,500 t/yr NdPr (NdPr family: NdPr, Nd, Pr) oxide | nameplate |
| Mountain Pass Mine and Processing Facility — Mountain Pass, California, USA | United States | rare earths | ~20,000 t/yr separated rare earth oxide design capacity (excluding cerium concentrate) | nameplate |
| Solvay La Rochelle rare earths plant, La Rochelle, France | France | rare earths | 4,000 t/yr rare earth-based formulation products (catalysis, automotive pollution control, polishing, electronics) | nameplate |
| Umicore Olen germanium refinery & crystal plant | Belgium | germanium | Not disclosed | unknown |
| Teck Trail Operations | Canada | germanium | 70 t/yr indium (USGS 2023 estimated capacity) | unknown |
| Alcoa-Sojitz Wagerup gallium recovery plant (under construction) | Australia | gallium | 100 t/yr gallium (planned) | planned design capacity |
| Rio Tinto Vaudreuil alumina refinery gallium pilot/demonstration plant (planned) | Canada | gallium | Demo ~4 t/yr (planned); commercial scale potential ~40 t/yr | planned design capacity |
| POSCO Future M Sejong Anode Material Plant (Sejong, South Korea) | South Korea | graphite | 74,000 t/yr natural graphite anode material | nameplate |
| VACUUMSCHMELZE (VAC) Hanau Plant — Hanau, Germany | Germany | rare earths | 1,000 t/yr permanent magnets (sintered NdFeB and SmCo) (estimate) | unknown |
| Iluka Eneabba Rare Earths Refinery, Eneabba, Western Australia | Australia | rare earths | Up to 23,000 tpa TREO, incl 5,500 tpa NdPr oxide and 725 tpa Dy/Tb oxide (subject to feedstock) | planned design capacity |
| Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd. — Fangliao, Pingtung, Taiwan | Taiwan | tungsten | ~3,000 t/yr recycling (design 5,000 t/yr) | nameplate |
| Hosokura Refinery (antimony), Miyagi | Japan | antimony | 360 t/yr antimony (USGS) | nameplate |
| CMK s.r.o. gallium refinery (Zarnovica) | Slovakia | gallium | 4 t/yr gallium metal (5N-7N) | nameplate |
| Campine Antimony Trioxide & Recycling Plant, Beerse, Belgium | Belgium | antimony | ~12,000 t/yr antimony trioxide (normal output 1,000 t/month; up to 1,500 t/month with added resources) | actual |
| Suda Maden Antimony Plant, Kutahya | Turkey | antimony | 180 t/yr antimony metal (USGS estimate) | nameplate |
| Kazzinc — Ust-Kamenogorsk Lead Plant, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | bismuth | 270 t/yr bismuth | nameplate |
| Rima Industrial — Bocaiúva, Minas Gerais, Brazil | Brazil | magnesium | 22,000 t/yr magnesium metal (USGS MCS 2026 estimated smelter capacity for Brazil, a country total; Rima is the only Brazilian producer identified) | nameplate |
| MagREEsource recycled magnet plant — Noyarey (Grenoble) | France | rare earths | 50 t/yr recycled sintered NdFeB magnets (pilot line) | nameplate |
| Phoenix Tailings metallization plant — Exeter, New Hampshire, USA | United States | rare earths | 200 t/yr rare earth metals (initially NdPr metal and DyFe alloy), stated ability to scale to more than 1,000 t/yr | nameplate |
| Less Common Metals, Hooton Park, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, UK | United Kingdom | rare earths | 2,500 t/yr rare earth and critical-mineral metals and alloys | nameplate |
| Molymet — Molymex, Cumpas, Sonora, Mexico | Mexico | molybdenum | 28 million lb/yr Mo processing capacity (approx. 12,700 t/yr Mo) | nameplate |
| Sumitomo Metal Mining — Toyo Smelter & Refinery, Saijo, Ehime, Japan | Japan | tellurium | Not disclosed | unknown |
| U.S. Vanadium Benton — Benton, Arkansas, United States | United States | vanadium | Not disclosed | unknown |
| Nexa Resources — Cajamarquilla Smelter, Lima, Peru | Peru | indium | 50 t/yr indium | nameplate |
| Osaka Titanium Technologies — Amagasaki Plant, Amagasaki, Japan | Japan | titanium | 40,000 t/yr titanium sponge; 6,000 t/yr titanium ingot | nameplate |
| Louisiana Strategic Metals Complex (SMC) — Alexandria, Louisiana, USA | United States | rare earths | Target ~9,600 tpa TREO throughput (initial ~600 tpa Machine A plus 3 production lines of ~3,000 tpa each) | planned design capacity |
| PCDL Produits Chimiques de la Lucette Le Genest antimony plant | France | antimony | Not disclosed | unknown |
| COMIBOL — Telamayu Bismuth Smelter, Telamayu, Bolivia | Bolivia | bismuth | 350 t/yr bismuth refinery | nameplate |
| Kosaka Smelter & Refinery (antimony), Akita | Japan | antimony | 500 t/yr antimony (USGS) | nameplate |